A Glossary of Tungsten Mining Terms
The following glossary will help to clarify reading of mine production reports, content on the site, and for the mining industry in general. It is addressed to investors in the mining sector.

	Thermal expansion: Changes in the dimensions of liquids, solids, and gases caused by a variation in temperature when pressure is constant.
	Gravimetric:Technique used in mineral processing to concentrate ore. Particles are separated or concentrated using differences in the ore’s density. In the Pasto Bueno mine, this process consists in crushing the ore, followed by physical separation of the tungsten ore. This technique is known for limiting mining’s ecological impact.
	Kilowatts (KW) : One kilowatt equals 1000 watts. This unit is commonly used to express the output power of an engine and quantify the energy consumed by a tool or machine. The hydroelectric power plants of the Pasto Bueno property have a capacity of 950 KW
	Ore : Rock containing ore in sufficient quantities to be extracted and sold to industries for processing. Ore is the resource extracted from mines. Ore with a high concentration of minerals, such as Malaga tungsten ore, offers operators higher yields.
	Tungsten oxide (WO3): is a measurement used to represent the tungsten concentration of the extracted ore.
	Ammonium paratungstate (PTA or APT) : Semi-finished product of tungsten ore whose price serves as an index in the tungsten industry. It is listed daily in the London Metals Bulletin.
	Corrosion resistance : Capacity of a material to resist deterioration caused by exposure to certain environments.
	Tensile strength : A material’s resistance to a force tending to tear it apart, measured as the maximum tension the material can withstand without tearing.
	M&I resources: Resources used in mining industry reporting tables. M&I stands for “measured and indicated.”
	Tons per day (t/day or t/d): Unit of measurement quantifying a mine’s daily extraction or production volume.
	Tungsten: Chemical element 74 W. Its name, from the Swedish “tung” (hard) and “sten” (stone), means “hard stone.” Tungsten can be found in wolframite and must be present in sufficient concentrations to be mined.
	Vein : In geology, a vein is a distinct sheet of crystallized minerals within another rock. It is a narrow mass of rock criss-crossing other rocks and filling inclined or vertical fissures that run contrary to the stratification. The veins in a mine contain useful minerals and ores. “Lode” and “dike” are other commonly used terms in the mining industry.
	MTU: Unit of measurement used to calculate volumes of concentrates. 1 ton equals 100 MTU; 1 MTU equals 10 kg.